Instituut voor Neuropathische Pijn

Wij onderschrijven de gedragscode van de Health On the Net Foundation
Home arrow Algemeen arrow Wetenschap arrow Melatonine bij autonome neuropathie in DM
Melatonine bij autonome neuropathie in DM
melatonine.gifBij patienten met klachten van neuropathie en autonome neuropathie door suikerziekte blijkt uit onderzoek dat de afscheiding van melatonine sterk gestoord is. Patienten met autonome neuropathie klagen ook vaak over slaapgebrek.

Gedurende de nacht behoort je melatonine gehalte omhoog te gaan. Bij diabetes patienten bleek dit niet het geval.[1] De onderzoekers meenden:

The present study shows that diabetic patients with evidence of autonomic neuropathy lack the normal circadian changes of plasma melatonin concentration. This provides confirmation for the control of pineal function via the sympathetic nervous system in man. The impaired melatonin profiles observed in diabetic patients without apparent autonomic neuropathy suggest that a subclinical state of sympathetic denervation may exist in this group of diabetics. 

Ook in diermodellen voor diabetes blijkt melatonine vermindert geproduceerd te worden.[2]

Melatonine lijkt ook de kans op neuropathie als bijwerking van de chemukuur te verminderen.[3][4] Voorts stimuleert melatonine de zenuwopbouw in beschadigde zenuwvezels.[5] Melatonine beschermt zenuwen tegen schade door schadelijke stoffen.[5][7] Verder remt melatonine in een neuropathisch pijn model bij proefdieren de pijn.[8]

En oncologen vertelden op een symposium in 2007 het volgende:

Melatonin appears promising as a neuroprotective agent in patients receiving taxane-based chemotherapy. No patient developed grade 3 or 4 neuropathy compared to historical controls of 22-33%. Fifty percent of patients treated with melatonin while on taxane CT developed no neuropathy, and those who did, had grade 1 or 2 neuropathy.QOL was maintained. Melatonin's neuroprotective effect should be further evaluated.[9]

Melatonine tegen pijn

In een recent overzicht uit 2009 wordt veel aandacht besteedt aan melatonine als een stof die de pijn kan moduleren.[10] We citeren uit die publicatie een paar relevante passages:

...evidence has been accumulated showing that melatonin influences the function of a variety of tissues not related to the endocrine system and that it can play an important role in pain regulation. It has been suggested that melatonin exerts its actions via: (i) a membrane-signaling pathway, (ii) a nuclear signaling pathway and (iii) a receptor-independent radical scavenging function. The potential relevance of melatonin to pain is emphasized by its widespread presence in the central nervous system (CNS).  

..melatonin's antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects are mainly mediated through specific membrane associated-receptors negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase.   

MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors have been identified in nervous system structures involved in nociceptive transmission. Autoradiography studies indicate that melatonin receptors are expressed in the thalamus, hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, spinal trigeminal tract, and trigeminal nucleus.

The anatomical distribution of melatonin receptors in sensory neurons and the spinal cord supports a role of this hormone in nociceptive transmission. Indeed, behavioral and electrophysiological studies have shown that melatonin has complex effects that are predominantly inhibitory on spinal nociception.

In verschillende preklinische modellen blijkt melatonine duidelijke pijnstillende werking te hebben op neuropathische pijnen:

Antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects of melatonin on neuropathic pain states in rats and mice

 Admin. route Model   Response  Blocked by antagonists Reference 
 i.c.v., i.p.  Partial ligation sciatic nerve  [↓] Hyperalgesia  Naloxone i.c.v., i.p. L-arginine i.c.v., i.p.  Ulugol et al. 2006
 i.p., p.o.  L5–L6 ligation  [↓] Allodynia and hyperalgesia  Luzindole, 4P-PDOT, naltrexone  Ambriz-Tututi and Granados-Soto 2007
 i.p., p.o.  Streptozotocin-induced
hyperalgesia and allodynia
 [↓] Allodynia and hyperalgesia  K-185, naltrexone  Arreola-Espino et al. 2007
 Intra-ACC  Chronic constriction nerve injury  [↓] Allodynia  Luzindole intra-ACC  Zeng et al. 2008

 

 

 

En er zijn klinische studies die dit ondrsteunen. [11][12]

Hieronder een diagram hoe men zich voorstelt dat melatonine als pijnbestrijder werkt:

melatonine_in_pijn.jpg
 
Auteur: Prof.dr. Jan M. Keppel Hesselink, MD, PhD, augustus 2009

 


Referenties

[1]: O'Brien IA, Lewin IG, O'Hare JP, Arendt J, Corrall RJ. | Abnormal circadian rhythm of melatonin in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. | Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). | 1986 Apr;24(4):359-64.
[2]: Frese T, Bach AG, Mühlbauer E, Pönicke K, Brömme HJ, Welp A, Peschke E. | Pineal melatonin synthesis is decreased in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. | Life Sci. | 2009 Sep 23;85(13-14):526-33. Epub 2009 Aug 18.
[3]: Lissoni P, Tancini G, Barni S, Paolorossi F, Ardizzoia A, Conti A, Maestroni G. | Treatment of cancer chemotherapy-induced toxicity with the pineal hormone melatonin. | Support Care Cancer. | 1997 Mar;5(2):126-9.
[5]: Ayaz M, Okudan N. | Effects of melatonin supplementation on exercise-induced changes in conduction velocity distributions. | Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. | 2009 Apr;31(3):151-6.
[6]: Ayaz M, Okudan N. | Effects of melatonin supplementation on exercise-induced changes in conduction velocity distributions. | Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. | 2009 Apr;31(3):151-6.
[7]: Feng Z, Zhang JT. | Long-term melatonin or 17beta-estradiol supplementation alleviates oxidative stress in ovariectomized adult rats. | Free Radic Biol Med. | 2005 Jul 15;39(2):195-204. Epub 2005 Mar 25.
[8]: Ulugol A, Dokmeci D, Guray G, Sapolyo N, Ozyigit F, Tamer M. | Antihyperalgesic, but not antiallodynic, effect of melatonin in nerve-injured neuropathic mice: Possible involvements of the L-arginine-NO pathway and opioid system. | Life Sci. | 2006 Feb 28;78(14):1592-7. Epub 2005 Aug 16.
[9]: S. Sweany, J. Lafollette, J. Pruemer, M. Swango, M. Clark, A. Wainino and Z. Nahleh | Effect of melatonin on taxane-induced neuropathy in breast cancer patients | Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2007 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings | Part I. Vol 25, No. 18S (June 20 Supplement), 2007: 19640
[10]: Ambriz-Tututi M, Rocha-González HI, Cruz SL, Granados-Soto V. | Melatonin: a hormone that modulates pain. | Life Sci. | 2009 Apr 10;84(15-16):489-98. Epub 2009 Feb 15.
 
© Copyright 2012 Instituut voor Neuropathische Pijn. Alle rechten voorbehouden.